![]() Although the retrograde effect normally extends some years prior to the brain damage, in some cases older memories remain - this sparing of older memories leads to the idea that consolidation over time involves the transfer of memories out of the hippocampus to other parts of the brain. Damage to the hippocampus usually results in profound difficulties in forming new memories ( anterograde amnesia), and normally also affects access to memories prior to the damage ( retrograde amnesia). Some evidence exists that, although these forms of memory often last a lifetime, the hippocampus ceases to play a crucial role in the retention of the memory after a period of consolidation. Some researchers prefer to consider the hippocampus as part of a larger medial temporal lobe memory system responsible for general declarative memory (memories which can be explicitly verbalized-these would include, for example, memory for facts in addition to episodic memory). Psychologists and neuroscientists dispute the precise role of the hippocampus, but generally agree that it has an essential role in the formation of new memories about personally experienced events ( episodic or autobiographical memory). The significant development of hippocampal volume in primates correlates more with overall increase of brain mass than with neocortical development. Nonetheless, in primates, the hippocampus occupies less of the telencephalon in proportion to cerebral cortex among the youngest species, especially humans. The hippocampal emergence from the archipallium is most pronounced in primates and Cetacean sea mammals. In the anatomy of animals, the hippocampus is among the phylogenetically oldest parts of the brain. Damage to the hippocampus can also result from oxygen starvation ( anoxia) and encephalitis. In Alzheimer's disease, the hippocampus becomes one of the first regions of the brain to suffer attack memory problems and disorientation appear amongst the first symptoms. ![]() The name derives from its curved shape, which supposedly resembles that of a seahorse ( Greek: hippocampus). It forms a part of the limbic system and plays a part in memory and navigation. The hippocampus is a part of the brain located inside the temporal lobe (humans have two hippocampi, one in each side of the brain). Brain Clip Art provided by Classroom Clip Art ( ) ![]()
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